100+ Keyboard Shortcuts of Windows

Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+V (Paste)

3. CTRL+X (Cut)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)

2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)

3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)

4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)

5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

MMC Console keyboard shortcuts

1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Explain dynamic model with its description.(C++)

A sample dynamic model of a real device shows how the various modeling constructs fit together. This is a model of a sears “Weekender” programmable thermostat. This device controls a furnace and their conditioner according to time dependent attributes which the owner enters using a pad of buttons.

While running, thermostat operates the furnace or air conditioner to keep the current temperature equal to the target temperature. The target temperature is taken from table of program values supplied by the user. The table specifies target temperature for 8 different time periods, 4 an weekdays and 4 on weekends, with start times specified by the user. The target temperature is reset from the table at the beginning of each program period. The user can override the target temperature for the reminder of the current period or indefinitely. The user programs the thermostat using a pad of 10 pushing buttons and 3 switches. The user sees parameters on an alphanumeric display. A switch illuminates a night light. The thermostat has a temperature sensor that  reads the air temperature. The thermostat  operates power relays for a furnace and an air conditioner, and an indicator lights up when the furnace and an air conditioner and an indicator lights up when the furnace or air conditioner is operating. Each push buttons generates an event every time it is pushed. We assigned one input event per button.

Temp up    raises target temperature or program temp

Temp down     raises target temperature or program temp   

Time fwd   advance clock time or program time.

Time Back        retards clock time of program time

Set clock    sets current time of day.

Set day       sets current day of the weeks.

Run Prgm  leaves setup or program mode and runs the program.

View Prgm  enters program mode to examine and modify program time and program temp settings.

Hold temp        holds current target temperature in spite of the program.

F.C. Button      alternates temperatures display between Fahrenheit and Celsius , each switch supplies a parameter value chosen from two or three possibilities. We model each switch as  independent concurrent sub diagram with one  state per switch setting. Although we assign events names to change in state, if is the state of each switch that is of interest. The switches and their setting are:

Light switch     light alphanumeric display values: light off, light on.

Season switch specifies which devices the thermostat controls. Values : heat,cool,off

Fan switch specifies when the ventilation fan operates values : fan on, fan auto

The thermostat controls the furnace, air conditions and fan power  relays. We model this controls by activities “run furnace”,”run air conditioner”, and run “fan” .

what do you mean by automatic transition ? (C++)

  Frequently the purpose of a state is to perform a sequential activity. When the activity is completed, a transition to another state fires. An arrow without an event name indicates an automatic transition that  fires when the activity associated with sources state is completed there is no activity, the unlabelled transition fires as soon as the state is entered.

If a state has no one more automatic, but none of the guard conditions are satisfied, then the state remains active until one of the conditions is satisfied on until an event causes another transition to fire.

explain the dynamic modeling and find the difference between object diagram and state diagram. (C++)

      A system can best to understood by first examining its static structure, the structure of its objects and their relationship to each other at a single moment in time. Now we examines changes to the objects and their relationship overtime. Those aspect of a system that are concerned with time and changes are dynamic model.

the major dynamic modeling concept are :

·     Events

·     External stimuli

·     States

Difference between state diagram and object diagram are following :

a)the state diagram is a standard computer science concept that has been handled in different ways depending upon its use.

b) a state diagram is a network of states and events.

c)an object diagram is a network of class and relationship.

d)the dynamic models consists of multiple state diagram, one state diagram for each class with important dynamic behavior and shows the pattern of activity for an entire system.

Describes state and events. (C++)

the attribute values and links held by an object are called its state.

The object simulate each other, resulting in a series of changes to their state.

“an individual stimulus from one object is another is an event”

The response to an event depends on the state of the object receiving it, and can include a change of a state or the sending of another event to the original sender or to a third object, the pattern of events, states and state transitions for a given class can be abstracted and represented as a state diagram.

Events   -

·     An event is something that happens at a point in time. For example user depresses left button of flight 1223 departs from Kathmandu.

·     An event has no duration

·     And event  is simply an occurrence that is fast compared to the granularity of the time scale.

·     One event may be logically precede or follow another.

·     Two event may be unrelated.

·     Two evens are casually related.

·     Two events are casually unrelated are said to be concurrent. They have no effect on each other.

·     In modeling a system use do not try to establish an ordering between concurrent events because they can occur in any order.

·     An events is one way transmission of information from one object to another,

·     An object sending an events to  another objects may expect a reply, but the reply is a separate event is under the control of second objects.

·     Every events is unique occurrence,but can grouped in a class if they all are of same type.

·     An events conveys information from one object to another  .

State

·     A states is an abstraction of the attribute values and links of an object i.e. the state of bank is solvent or insolvent.

·     A states specifies the response of the object to input events.

·     The response into of an object to an event may include an action or a change of state by the object.

·     A state corresponds to the interval between two events received by an object.

·     Events represent points in time.

·     State represent intervals of time.

·     A state has duration, it occupies an interval of time. A state if often associated with a continuous, activity, such as a ringing of a telephone, such as a flying from malaysiya to bankok.

·     Events and states are dual of one another.

·     A state separate two events.

What do you understand by dynamic modeling ? (C++)

        The object model is defines the static structure of a given system by giving the structure of its objects and relationships to each other at a single moment of time.

Those aspect of a system that are concerned with time and changes are the dynamic model,in constraints with the static or object model. The dynamic model examines the changes to the objects and their relationship over time. It deals with flow of control, interactions and sequencing of operation in a system to concurrently active objects. The major dynamic modeling concepts are events states, state diagrams,conditions,actions.

Controls is that aspect of a system that describes the sequences of operations that occurs in response to external stimuli, without consideration of what the operation do, what they operate on, or how they are implemented.

The major dynamic modeling concept are events which represents external stimuli and states, which represent values of objects.

what is constraints ? (C++)

Constraints are functional relationship between entities of or object model. The term entity includes objects,classes,attributes,links and associations. A constraint restrict the values that entities can assume.

Constraint provide one criterion for measuring the quality of an object model, a ‘good’ object model captures many constraints through its structure. It often requires several iterations to get the structure of a model right from the perspective of constraints.

Constraint are delimited by braces and positioned near the constrained entity.

A dotted line connects multiple constrained entity. An arrow must be used to connect a constrained entity to the entity it depends on instantiation is kind of constraint and therefore,uses the same notation.